An efficient algorithm for finding multiple DC solutions based on Spice oriented Newton homotopy method

For circuit designing, it is very important to calculate the dc operating points. It is known that if the circuit contains positive feedback loops such as ipop and negative resistance circuits, it may happened to have many dc solutions. It is very di cult to nd all of the solutions for these circuits. In this paper, we show a very simple Spice oriented Newton homotopy method which can e ciently nd out the multiple dc solutions, and perhaps all of the solutions.